https://live.staticflickr.com/1556/25717188496_2d1e576cd2_b.jpg
Interviewer (IR): Chaeri Kang
Chaeri Kang is a freshman at Korea International School Jeju. She pursues an interest in interviewing and interacting with new people. It was a great experience to email Mr.Mc Vaugh since he vividly described the progression of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Interviewee (IE): Christy McVaugh
Mr.Mc Vaugh teaches history at Georgetown University and at an outstanding senior high school in Washington. He was 21 years old when the crisis happened. He is knowledgeable on the subject, thanks to his contribution over the five days of the interview.
Introduction
This interview discusses the progression of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. The Cuban Missile Crisis is a perfect example of the term “crisis” as it reached the peak of the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. The crisis came extremely close to the use of nuclear weapons which terrified both Soviet and US people for especially, the thirteen days.
Before you read..
This interview includes personal opinions from the interviewee, therefore respects all varying perspectives from the audience. If the audience intends to research the crisis with more depth in factual evidence, the Robinson Review recommends using historical research websites such as the Library of Congress and National Archives. Also, the interviewee granted permission for the publication of the interview information.
Please keep in mind that it is strictly prohibited to use information of the transcript in one’s personal use (including presentations, papers, exhibits, documentaries, websites, performances, school assignments, etc.) even with a proper citation.
Thank you for your understanding.
IR: I heard from Mr.Tom that you are a knowledgeable person about the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. Thank you so much for emailing me but unfortunately, I didn't receive the emails. I think there was an error in the emails being sent. Fortunately, Mr.Tom gave me your email address so I was able to email you.
It will be so much an honor and a pleasure if I can interview you about how the Cuban Missile Crisis affected diplomacy between the US and the Soviet Union and also about the EXCOMM debates.
Thank you so much and I will be waiting for your response.
IE: It would be my pleasure to help you.
IR: Thank you very much, Mr.Mc Vaugh. My first question would be, “What was the situation of the United States and Soviet Union around 1950s-1962? How did society view the two countries?”
IE: The situation in the United States was one of wariness and unease and tension regarding the "Russian Bear" and its expansionist goals. Russia saw the US as "in the way" of the Soviets desire for more territory. Hence, the tension.
Cuba is only 90 miles off the coast of Florida so the discovered Soviet missiles there posed an existential threat to our world leadership. I think it was an act to confuse the US. The Cold War lasted from the end of WWII (1945-6) to the Reagan administration. The Cuban Missile crisis was one of the "hot issues" of the Cold War.
IR: Thank you, Mr.Mc Vaugh. The background of the crisis seems interesting but would have obviously trembled both Soviet and US people. I’m especially shocked when you said about the purpose of the act, that it was to confuse the US.
When diplomacy was in desperate need, members of the EXCOMM, they were the key players for resolving the crisis. They debated all day long, with their personal abilities and communication skills. Mr.Mc Vaugh, please help me finish my explanation on this subject. “What do you think was the major part or a thing that led the executive committee of the national security council (EXCOMM) to successfully debate?”
IE: The EXComm was successful because the members realized this was a matter of life and death. It was successful (See the book 13 Days) but it was not very democratically run. Bobby Kennedy (Attorney General) played a major role for his brother (President John F. Kennedy) and the others were among the best and brightest minds we had. I think we still, years later, need to know more from the archives (how heated was the debate? Did anyone threaten to leave the room? etc.) as to what really transpired.
IR: I can absolutely understand why the members realized that their words, conversations, and debates would be a matter of life and death. Moving on to the next question, “What part of the diplomacy during the Cuban missile crisis standed out to you? Which part was unique?”
IE: I was impressed that the two sides were talking rationally - not blustering. They listened to each other and responded accordingly. One uniqueness may come from Bobby, at one time receiving a letter (demarche) from the Kremlin; and, he chose to ignore its threats and character assassinations and responded to the second half of the diplomatic note that led to a more nuanced and broader look at the crisis.
IR: I see… I believe his response to the letter so transparently shows the severity of this crisis, once again that it is the matter of life and death. My next question would be “Do you agree that the Cuban missile crisis played a big role in the occurrence of the Vietnam war?”
IE: We already had Advisers in Vietnam during the missile crisis. More were sent to Vietnam after the crisis, to avoid being caught off guard again. President Kennedy sent them. But we were still not ready for the Vietcong's advances/aggressions. Vietnam was 10,00 miles from the USA. Most US citizens could not locate Vietnam on a map; many wondered why we were there. It was because of the Domino Effect - if we lost Vietnam, we might also lose Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand. So there was a connection between Cuba and Southeast Asia. However, advisers were not enough to stem the Vietcong aggression.
IR: Since we don’t have much time, I’ll move onto the next question. “What are some successes in the Cuban missile crisis and what do you think is the big contribution to the success?”
IE: The crisis showed the western bloc that the US would not be bullied so close to home. There was a quid pro quo - the Soviets removed their missiles in Cuba, but we removed some Jupiter missiles that were in Turkey aimed at Russia. There was almost a war but the two parties backed away. We were going to blockade any new Soviet shipments of missiles to Cuba - which could have resulted in war. Capitalism was strengthened as was the western bloc, led by the US. On the other hand, it was a victory for the Communists since they had hidden the missiles in Cuba for a time until we discovered them.
At my college (Ohio Wesleyan University) a number of students left campus for home because of the dangerous situation. - anti - communist hysteria was panicking many people. Communists showed their allies how aggressive they were. This was a close call.
IR: Mr.Mc Vaugh, thank you very much for responding to all the questions in this interview. Your contribution means a lot and thank you so much once again.
IE: You’re welcome.
After the Interview...
After the interview, the interviewer was able to delve deeper into the story of the thirteen days of tension between the Soviet Union and the US. Mr.Mc Vaugh has revealed so many stories that were rarely mentioned in the secondary sources, uncovering the surface of the crisis of 1962.
Connection to the Modern Society
The major escalation of the Russia-Ukraine War has been lasting since February 2022. Ending the year, many hoped the War to be ended as soon as possible as it already produced countless casualties and inflicted the world with hopelessness. As diplomacy played a key role in resolving the Cuban Missile Crisis, this interviewer strongly suggests the implementation of the diplomatic skills used in the crisis to the Russia-Ukraine War. As president Kennedy influenced Khrushchev to back off from the confrontation but without losing face, the same strategy may be applied to the diplomacy between Russia and Ukraine.